imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2020-11-2-109-121imi-285Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESКоронавирус и политика: запросы и ценности в эпоху пандемииCoronavirus and Politics: Demands and Values in the Age of the PandemicПареньковД. А.ParenkovD. A.

преподаватель кафедры политической теории, научный сотрудник 

Москва

Lecturer at the Department of Political Theory, Research Associate 

Moscow

d.parenkov@inno.mgimo.ruПетровK. E.PetrovK. E.

к.п.н., старший научный сотрудник 

Москва

Ph. D., Senior Researcher 

Moscow

originalkir@gmail.comЦентр исследований политических элит ИМИ МГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияCenter for Research of Political Elites IMI MGIMO MFA of RussiaRussian FederationЦентр исследований политических элит ИМИ МГИМО МИД России МоскваРоссияCenter for Research on Political Elites, MGIMO University, MFA of RussiaRussian Federation202006112020112109121Copyright © Пареньков Д.А., Петров K.E., 20202020Пареньков Д.А., Петров K.E.Parenkov D.A., Petrov K.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/285

В статье в рамках теории управления страхом смерти рассматриваются политические эффекты пандемии коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. В условиях приоритизации угрозы пандемии в глазах населения и растущих страхов за собственную жизнь и здоровье растет ситуативное осознание смертности. Политико-психологические эффекты в условиях экзистенциальных страхов проявляются в усилении консервативных ориентаций и поддержке статус-кво вне зависимости от изначальных установок. Осознание смертности способствует поддержке существующих властных структур, действующих политических лидеров, усилению патриотических установок и неприятию внешних групп. В условиях пандемии наблюдаются эффект сплочения вокруг флага и рост рейтингов действующего политического руководства. Рост поддержки действующих лидеров служит подтверждением ориентации на поддержание статус-кво и консервативные установки. В условиях пандемии на первый план выходят патриотическое чувство, спрос на порядок, рост недоверия к согражданам и отказ от свобод в пользу безопасности. В условиях актуализированного осознания смертности усиливаются ориентации на поддержку определенных типов политического лидерства. Представляется, что в ближайшее время электорально успешными типажами лидеров станут: во-первых, политики, склонные к харизматическому управлению доверием своих сторонников с опорой на уверенную и бескомпромиссную ориентацию на собственное эго, чаще всего на основе ранее полученной широкой известности, а во-вторых, те политики, которые способны к выражению простой человеческой близости к обычным людям и ориентированы на создание и поддержание социальных отношений. В критических условиях пандемии и невозможности в достаточной степени опереться на рациональную и непротиворечивую экспертизу отчетливо проявляются два востребованных способа лидерского поведения. Первый - харизматический, принятие решений на свой страх и риск, второй – лидерство избегания, во многом предлагающее просто переложить окончательное решение на других членов общества, вступая с ними в горизонтальный диалог, а не в вертикальные отношения власти и подчинения. Как правило, к такому стилю руководства склонны лидеры, ориентированные на создание максимального числа личных связей. В современной ситуации роль персональных качеств лидеров будет только возрастать, и как объектов установок и чаяний со стороны масс, и как субъектов политического процесса, принимающих судьбоносные для общества политические решения.

The article discusses the political eff ects of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in the framework of Terror Management Theory. Growing fears caused by the pandemic provoke mortality salience across the globe. Political and psychological eff ects of mortality salience are manifested in the strengthening of conservative orientations and support for status quo. Awareness of mortality provides support to power structures, incumbent political leaders, strengthening patriotic attitudes and rejection of external groups. The pandemic strengthens the eff ect of rallying around the fl ag and results in an increase in the ratings of ruling political leaders. The growing support for political leaders confi rms the orientation towards maintaining the status quo and conservative attitudes. In a pandemic, patriotic feeling, the demand for order, the growth of distrust of fellow citizens, and the rejection of freedoms in favor of security come to the fore. In the context of mortality salience orientation to support specifi c types of political leadership is intensifying. It seems that in the near future, electorally successful types of leaders will include two major types. Firstly, politicians inclined to charismatic control of the trust of their supporters based on a confi dent and uncompromising orientation to their own ego, most often on the basis of previously gained fame. Secondly, those politicians who are capable of expressing simple human closeness to ordinary people and are focused on creating and maintaining social ties with a constituency. Charismatic leadership is oriented towards personal decision-making at leader’s own peril and risk. The second type is associated with horizontal dialogue with citizens. and creating the maximum numberof personal connections. In the current situation, the role of personal qualities of leaders will only grow, both as objects of attitudes and aspirations on the part of the masses, and as subjects of the political process, making political decisions that are crucial for society.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.