<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">imi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная аналитика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of International Analytics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-8476</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-1-21-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">imi-317</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Издержки глобального  лидерства и «соседская»  международная политика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Costs of Global Leadership and Neighborhood International Politics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бляхер</surname><given-names>Л. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bliakher</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонид Ефимович Бляхер, д.ф.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой философии и культурологии</p><p>680035, Хабаровск, Тихоокеанская ул., 136</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leonid E. Bliakher, Head of the Department of Philosophy and Cultural Studies, PhD in philosophy</p><p>136, Tihookeanskaya Street, Khabarovsk, 680035</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leonid743342@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Paciﬁc State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бляхер Л.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бляхер Л.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bliakher L.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/317">https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/317</self-uri><abstract><p>В предлагаемой статье рассматриваются тенденции в области международных отношений, связанные во многом с распадом социалистической системы как важнейшего полюса международной политики, но особенно ярко проявившиеся в последние годы, в том числе в период пандемии. По мнению автора, четкая структура международного пространства в духе мир-системы И. Валлерстайна со столь же четкими правилами игры связана с наличием энфорсера. Энфорсером здесь выступает страна или группа стран, навязывающая определенные формы коммуникации и делающая поведение агентов международного политического пространства предсказуемым. Такая позиция для энфорсера, кроме всего прочего, дает возможность получения выгод (материальных и статусных), превышающих его издержки, что не в последнюю очередь определяется относительной гомогенностью акторов международного пространства (государств). Однако в реальности, как показано в статье, в мире гораздо больше вариантов политий, которым в определенных условиях удобно имитировать государственные политические институты. Изменение условий, способствующих росту разнообразия, ведет к резкой эскалации издержек энфорсера и уменьшению привлекательности самой позиции энфорсера. Когда лидер несет все более значительные издержки, он перестает выполнять свои функции, поэтому на место заданной энфорсером институциональной системы приходит иной способ организации международных отношений – межличностное (персональное) доверие, которое возникает и укрепляется при личном общении. До недавнего времени такие «клубы лиц, принимающих решения» не столь ярко, как энфорсер, но связывали глобальный мир. Однако пандемия нарушает и этот тип коммуникации, точнее, затрудняет его. В результате на первый план выходят проблемы внутренней политики и связанные с ней международные проблемы. Глобальная политика сменяется «соседской» политикой. От того, насколько успешно страна сможет понять новые тенденции, зависит ее место в формирующемся мире активного соперничества региональных игроков без глобального лидера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the trends in international relations that have emerged in recent years, including during the pandemic. According to the author, a clear international space structure in the vein of Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-system, with equally clear rules of the game in such space is associated with the presence of an enforcer. The enforcer here is a country or group of countries that impose certain forms of communication on the international space, making the behavior of agents of the international political space predictable. Such a position for the enforcer, among other things, makes it possible to obtain beneﬁ ts (material and status ones) that exceed its costs. This situation was not least determined by the relative homogeneity of the international space actors (States). However, in reality, as shown in the article, there are many more variants of polities in the world, which, under certain conditions, were convenient to imitate state political institutions. The conditions change is leading to actualization of such polities. The actualization of diversity results in a sharp escalation of the enforcer’s costs, a drop in their eﬀ ectiveness and the attractiveness of the enforcer’s position itself. The leader bears more and more signiﬁ cant costs ceases to perform its functions. Here, in place of the institutional system set by the enforcer, comes a diﬀ erent way of organizing international relations – interpersonal trust, which arises and is strengthened by personal communication. Until recently, such “decisionmakers’ clubs” were not as bright as the enforcer, but they connected the global world. However, the pandemic also disrupts this type of communication or rather complicates it. As a result, the hierarchy of problems changes. The problems of domestic politics and the international problems that aﬀ ect them come to the fore. Global politics is being replaced by “neighborhood” politics. In the age of the world without a global leader and regional players rivalry, tomorrows “weight” of one country depends on how eﬀ ectively it will be able to ﬁ t in the new type of political structure.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мировой энфорсер</kwd><kwd>международное пространство</kwd><kwd>государство</kwd><kwd>двуслойные структуры</kwd><kwd>«соседская политика»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enforcer</kwd><kwd>international space</kwd><kwd>state</kwd><kwd>two-layer structures</kwd><kwd>neighborhood politics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бляхер, Л.Е. Искусство неуправляемой жизни. Дальний Восток. – Москва: Европа, 2014. – 208 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iskusstvo neupravlyaemoj zhizni. Dal’nii Vostok] Mosсcow: Evropa, 2014 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков, В.В. Силовое предпринимательство: экономико-социологический анализ. – Москва: Изд-во ГУ-ВШЭ, 2005. – 350 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov, V.V. Power Entrepreneurship: an Economic and Sociological Analysis. [Silovoe predprinimatel’stvo: ekonomiko-sociologicheskij analiz] Moscow: Izd-vo GU-VSHE, 2005 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гринин, Л.Е. Китайская модель и перспективы лидерства Китая в мире // Век глобализации. – 2012. – № 2. – С. 43–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grinin, L.E. “The Chinese Model and Prospects for China's Leadership in the World.” [Kitajskaya model' i perspektivy liderstva Kitaya v mire] The Age of globalization, no. 2 (2012): 43–61 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каспэ, С.И. Центры и иерархии, пространственные метафоры власти и западная политическая форма. – Москва: Московская школа политических исследований, 2007. – 319 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaspe, Svyatoslav. Centers and Hierarchies, Spatial Metaphors of Power, and the Western Political Form. [Centry i ierarhii, prostranstvennye metafory vlasti i zapadnaya politicheskaya forma] Moscow: Moscow School of Political Studies, 2007 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кохова, С.В., Сухарев, А.Г. Индия: курс на мировое лидерство в области информационных технологий. Государственная политика Индии в области разработки программного обеспечения и ее плоды. – М.: Издательство Московского университета, 2001. – 87 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kohova, S.V., and A.G. Suharev. India: a Course for Global Leadership in Information Technology. India's Public Policy on Software Development and its Results. [Indiya: kurs na mirovoe liderstvo v oblasti informacionnyh tekhnologij. Gosudarstvennaya politika Indii v oblasti razrabotki programmnogo obespecheniya i ee plody] Moscow: Moscow University Press, 2001 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кривушин, И.В. Сто дней во власти безумия: Руандийский геноцид 1994 г. – М.: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики, 2015. – 528 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivushin, I.V. One Hundred Days in the Grip of Madness: The 1994 Rwandan Genocide. [Sto dnej vo vlasti bezumiya: Ruandijskij genocid 1994 g.] Moscow: Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics, 2015 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Круглова, Е.А. «Государство» устарело: потребность в новом определении государства // Journal of Institutional Studies (Журнал институциональных исследований). – 2015. – № 2. – С. 99–108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kruglova, E.A. “‘State' is Obsolete: the Need for a New Defi nition of the State.” [Gosudarstvo ustarelo: potrebnost' v novom opredelenii gosudarstva] Journal of Institutional Studies, no. 2 (2015): 99–108 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Логинов, Е.Л., Логинов, А.Е. Глобальный кризис как новый формат борьбы за мировое экономическое лидерство // Финансы и кредит. – 2010. – № 18 (402). – С. 22–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loginov, E.L., Loginov, A.E. “The Global Crisis as a New Format of the Struggle for World Economic Leadership.” [Global'nyj krizis kak novyj format bor'by za mirovoe ekonomicheskoe liderstvo] Finance and Credit, no. 18 (2010): 22–27 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лузянин, С.Г., Афонасьева, А.В. Один пояс, один путь – политические и экономические измерения // Вестник Томского государственного университета. Экономика. – 2017. – № 40. – С. 5–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luzyanin, S.G., Afonaseva, A.V. “Belt and Road Initiative – Political and Economic Dimensions.” [Odin poyas, odin put' – politicheskie i ekonomicheskie izmereniya] Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Economy, no. 40 (2017): 5–14 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пареньков, Д.А., Петров, K.E. Коронавирус и политика: запросы и ценности в эпоху пандемии. Международная аналитика. – 2020. – № 2. – С. 109–121. https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2020-11-2-109-121.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parenkov, Daniil, and Kirill Petrov. “Coronavirus and Politics: Demands and Values in the Age of the Pandemic.” [Koronavirus i politika: zaprosy i cennosti v epohu pandemii] Journal of International Analytics 11, no. 2 (2020):109–121 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сассен, С. Приведение глобальной экономики в действие: роль национальных государств и частных факторов // Международный журнал социальных наук. – 2000. – № 28. – С. 167–175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sassen, Saskia. “Bringing the Global Economy into Action: the Role of National States and Private Factors.” [Privedenie global'noj ekonomiki v dejstvie: rol' nacional'nyh gosudarstv i chastnyh faktorov] International Journal of Social Sciences, no. 28 (2000): 167–175 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеев, В.М., Кузьмин, А.С., Нечаев, В.Д., Алексеенкова, Е.С. Доверие и пространственное взаимодействие социальных сетей // Полис. – 2007. – № 2. – С. 8–17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev, V.M., A.S. Kuzmin, V.D. Nechaev, and E.S. Alekseenkova. “Trust and Spatial Interaction of Social Networks.” [Doverie i prostranstvennoe vzaimodejstvie social'nyh setej] Polis, no. 2 (2007): 8–17 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Слизовский, Д.Е., Ожиганов, Э.Н., Алехнович, С.О. Стратегический анализ и прогнозирование политических процессов // Вестник РУДН. Серия: Политология. – 2008. – № 4.– С. 98–108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slizovski, D.E., E.N. Ozhiganov, S.O. Alekhnovich. “Strategic Analysis and Forecasting of Political Processes.” [Strategicheskij analiz i prognozirovanie politicheskih processov] Vestnik RUDN, no. 4. (2008): 98–108 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филиппов, А.Ф. Актуальность философии Гоббса // Социологическое обозрение. – 2009. – № 3. – C. 113– 123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippov, Aleksander. “The Relevance of Hobbes’ Philosophy.” [Aktual'nost' fi losofi i Gobbsa] Sociological Review, no. 3 (2009): 113–123 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харкевич, М.В. Государства-изгои как образ «другого» в мировой политике // Полис. – 2009. – № 4. – С. 99–110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharkevich, Maxim. “Rogue States as an Image of the “Other” in World Politics. [Gosudarstva-izgoi kak obraz «drugogo» v mirovoj politike] Polis, no. 4 (2009): 99–110 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шугалей, М.А., Бурикова, И.С., Суханов, О.В., Юрьев, А.И. Триполи как социальный лифт для ИГИЛ (террористическая организация) / Коллективная монография по результатам исследований Максима Шугалея / Под науч. ред. проф. А.И. Юрьева. – СПб, 2020. – 115 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shugalej, M.A., I.S. Burikova, O.V. Suhanov, and A.I. Yur’ev, ed. Tripoli as a Social Elevator for ISIL (terrorist organization). [Tripoli kak social’nyj lift dlya IGIL (terroristicheskaya organizaciya). [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юнгблюд, В.Т. Мировой порядок 1945 г. – процесс с «открытым» продолжением // Вестник МГИМО-Университета. – 2020. – № 13. – С. 52–79. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yungblud, V.T. “The 1945 World Order – Process with «Open» Continuation.” [Mirovoi poryadok 1945 g. – protsess s «otkrytym» prodolzheniem] MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 13 (2020): 52–79 [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauman, Zygmunt. City of Fears, City of Hopes. London: Goldsmith’s College, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauman, Zygmunt. City of Fears, City of Hopes. London: Goldsmith’s College, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Second Chance: Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower. New York: Basic Books, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Second Chance: Three Presidents and the Crisis of American Superpower. New York: Basic Books, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Call, Charles T. “Beyond the ‘Failed State’: Toward Conceptual Alternatives.” European Journal of International Relations 17, no. 2 (June 2011): 303– 26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066109353137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Call, Charles T. “Beyond the ‘Failed State’: Toward Conceptual Alternatives.” European Journal of International Relations 17, no. 2 (June 2011): 303– 26. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066109353137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DiMaggio, Paul J., and Walter W. Powell. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48, no. 2 (1983): 147–60. doi:10.2307/2095101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DiMaggio, Paul J., and Walter W. Powell. “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.” American Sociological Review 48, no. 2 (1983): 147–60. doi:10.2307/2095101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fukuyama, Francis. Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fukuyama, Francis. Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kаgan, Robert. Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order. New York: Vintage, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kаgan, Robert. Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order. New York: Vintage, 2003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langer, Máximo. “Universal Jurisdiction is Not Disappearing: The Shift from ‘Global Enforcer’ to ‘No Safe Haven’ Universal Jurisdiction.” Journal of International Criminal Justice 13, no. 2 (May 2015): 245–256, https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqv009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langer, Máximo. “Universal Jurisdiction is Not Disappearing: The Shift from ‘Global Enforcer’ to ‘No Safe Haven’ Universal Jurisdiction.” Journal of International Criminal Justice 13, no. 2 (May 2015): 245–256, https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqv009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melville, Andrei, ed. Political Atlas of the Modern World: An Experiment in Multidimensional Statistical Analysis of the Political Systems of Modern States. Preprint. Moscow: MGIMO – University Press, 2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melville, Andrei, ed. Political Atlas of the Modern World: An Experiment in Multidimensional Statistical Analysis of the Political Systems of Modern States. Preprint. Moscow: MGIMO – University Press, 2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">North, Douglass C., John Joseph Wallis, and Barry R. Weingast. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511575839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">North, Douglass C., John Joseph Wallis, and Barry R. Weingast. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Cambridge University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511575839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Actions. Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olson, Mancur. The Logic of Collective Actions. Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. The Black Swan. The Impact of the Highly Improbable. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. The Black Swan. The Impact of the Highly Improbable. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urry, John. “Globalising the Tourist Gaze,” published by the Department of Sociology, the Lancaster University, Lancaster, 2001. http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/Urry-Globalising-the-Tourist-Gaze.pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urry, John. “Globalising the Tourist Gaze,” published by the Department of Sociology, the Lancaster University, Lancaster, 2001. http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/Urry-Globalising-the-Tourist-Gaze.pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice, and Terence K. Hopkins. World-Systems Analysis: Theory and Methodology. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice, and Terence K. Hopkins. World-Systems Analysis: Theory and Methodology. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice. The End of the World as we Know It: Social Science for the Twenty-first Century. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallerstein, Immanuel Maurice. The End of the World as we Know It: Social Science for the Twenty-first Century. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
