imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-2-130-152imi-364Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESВнешняя политика Турции в постбиполярной системе координатTurkey’s Foreign Policy in the Post-Bipolar System of CoordinateШлыковП. В.ShlykovP. V.

Павел Вячеславович Шлыков, кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории стран Ближнего и Среднего Востока Института стран Азии и Африки МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова, старший научный сотрудник Отдела Азии и Африки ИНИОН РАН, участник научного коллектива проекта «Многофакторный анализ “азиатского поворота” в российской внешней политике (достижения, проблемы, перспективы)» МГИМО МИД России, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова»

Ленинские горы 1, Москва, 119991

Pavel V. Shlykov, PhD (History), Associate Professor of the Middle Eastern History Department, Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University; senior Research Fellow, Department of Asia and Africa, INION, Russian Academy of Sciences; non-resident scholar in research project “Multifactor analysis of the ‘Turn to the East’ in Russian Foreign Policy (achievements, problems, and prospects)” MGIMO University, Lomonosov Moscow State University

1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991

shlykov@iaas.msu.ruИСАА МГУРоссияLomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian Federation202126072021122130152Copyright © Шлыков П.В., 20212021Шлыков П.В.Shlykov P.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/364

Внешняя политика Турции в первое десятилетие после распада биполярной системы сохраняла черты преемственности в сравнении со временем холодной войны: незыблемыми для нее оставались кемалистские принципы лаицизма и выбор в пользу дальнейшей вестернизации, ориентация на сотрудничество с ЕС и евроатлантическими структурами.

Однако постбиполярный период продемонстрировал существенные изменения внешнеполитического курса Турции. Существующие объяснения этого феномена зачастую отталкиваются либо от апелляции к исламской идентичности Партии справедливости и развития как основной причине произошедших изменений, либо от подходов, во главу угла которых ставятся экономические интересы Турции и в рамках которых акцентируется внимание на попытках Турции укрепить экономическую взаимозависимость с соседями по региону. Учитывая усложняющийся характер взаимосвязи внутренней и внешней политики и все более подвижные характеристики международной среды, представляется, что анализ внешней политики Турции в постбиполярный период требует альтернативного концептуально-методологического подхода, который позволял бы рассматривать изменения турецкой внешнеполитической линии с учетом сразу трех измерений. В этой статье автор прибегает именно к такому подходу. Он включает в себя изучение внутренней политики, международного контекста и трансформацию идейного и институционального обеспечения внешней политики. При таком подходе становится возможным объяснить логику «неожиданных» переориентаций Турции от сотрудничества с ЕС и западными странами в целом к попыткам закрепить свою ведущую роль на Ближнем Востоке и утвердиться в роли регионального гегемона по отношению к ситуативным альянсам с различными государственными и негосударственными игроками в более широком международном контексте.

Turkey's foreign policy in the first decade after the collapse of the bipolar system retained features of its continuity in comparison with the Cold War: the Kemalist principles of laicism and the choice in favor of further Westernization, with its orientation towards cooperation with the EU and Euro-Atlantic structures remained firmly in place. However, the post-bipolar period demonstrated a significant change in Turkey's foreign policy. The existing explanations for this phenomenon often start either from the appeal to the Islamic identity of the Justice and Development Party as the main reason for the changes, or from the approaches that prioritize Turkey's economic interests and emphasize Turkey's attempts to strengthen economic interdependence with neighbors in the region. Given the increasing complexity of the domestic and foreign policy nexus and the increasingly fluid characteristics of the international environment, it seems that an analysis of Turkish foreign policy in the post-bipolar period requires an alternative conceptual and methodological approach that allows the changes in Turkey's foreign policy to be viewed along three dimensions. In this article, the author resorts to just such an approach. It includes the study of domestic policy, the international context and the transformation of the ideological and institutional support of foreign policy. This approach makes it possible to explain the logic of Turkey's «sudden» reorientation from cooperation with the EU and Western countries in general to attempts to consolidate its leading role in the Middle East and establish itself as a regional hegemon in relation to situational alliances with various state and non-state actors in the broader international context.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.