imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2021-12-4-50-67imi-396Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESВызов идеологии Талибана для международной политики: религиозная конкуренция, борьба с терроризмом и поиск легитимностиThe Challenge of Taliban Ideology for International Politics: Religious Competition, Counterterrorism, and the Search for LegitimacyКрузР. Д.CrewsR. D.

Роберт Д. Круз, Профессор Исторического факультета

CA 94305-2024, Стэнфорд, Калифорния

Robert D. Crews, Professor at Stanford University, Department of History

CA 94305-2024, Stanford, California

rcrews@stanford.eduСтэнфордский университетСоединённые Штаты АмерикиStanford UniversityUnited States2021241220211245067Copyright © Круз Р.Д., 20212021Круз Р.Д.Crews R.D.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/396

В статье рассматриваются представления талибов об исламском государстве, являющиеся безусловным вызовом для соседних государств Центральной и Южной Азии, а также для более отдаленных государств Евразии и Ближнего Востока. Будучи потенциальным центром притяжения для боевиков в этих регионах, талибская версия ислама представляет собой альтернативу принятым формам благочестивого поведения и юридической практике в государствах со значительным мусульманским населением, правительства которых претендуют на определенную степень религиозной легитимации и контроля над властью ислама и толкованием положениями веры. Автор полагает, что идеология Талибана представляет собой проблему и для региональных игроков, поскольку сотрудничество с движением делает государства удобной мишенью для критики с позиции защиты прав человека. В то же время присутствие Исламского государства – Вилаяата Хорасан (ИГВХ) дало талибам возможность пересмотреть свое международное положение и отношение к насильственным методам ведения борьбы. В своей критике ИГВХ Талибан пришел к солидарности с контртеррористической миссией других государств, что позволяет движению и его партнерам отражать критику и нормализовать отношения с другими государствами. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что в поисках международной поддержки талибы адаптировали и свои идеологические претензии с целью представить движение одновременно в качестве конкурента альтернативным взглядам на агрессивный джихадизм и в качестве контртеррористической силы, заложив тем самым основу для легитимации своего места в быстро меняющемся глобальном порядке.

This paper examines the Taliban vision of an Islamic polity posing a challenge to neighboring Central and South Asian states as well as more distant ones in Eurasia and the Middle East. As a potential magnet for militants across these regions, Taliban Islam represents an alternative to forms of piety and legal practice in states that have signifi cant Muslim populations and where each government claims some degree of religious legitimation and control over Islamic authority and interpretation. Author claims the Taliban ideology poses a dilemma to regional actors, too, in that it makes all parties who might cooperate with the movement vulnerable to criticism based on human rights discourse. At the same time, the presence of the Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISKP) has permitted the movement the opportunity to seek to reframe its international standing and its relationship to violence. The Taliban have adapted their critique of ISKP to the claim that they share a counterterrorism mission with other governments, an assertion that allows the movement and its partners to defl ect criticism from various quarters and normalize relations with other states. Author concludes that, seeking international support, the Taliban have adapted their ideological claims to position the movement simultaneously as a competitor to other visions of militant jihadist politics and as a counterterrorist force laying the groundwork for the legitimation of their place in a rapidly evolving global order.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.