imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-3-48-66imi-433Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESИсторическая память в контексте внешней политики США: случай президентства Дж. БайденаHistorical Memory in the Context of U.S. Foreign Policy: The Case of the Presidency of Joseph BidenСокольщикЛ. М.SokolshchikL. M.

Лев Маркович Сокольщик, к.ист.н., доцент Департамента зарубежного регионоведения, научный сотрудник Центра комплексных европейских и международных исследований

Москва, ул. Малая Ордынка, 17, Проспект Вернадского, 76, 119017

Lev M. Sokolshchik, PhD in History, Associate Professor, School of International Regional Studies, Research Fellow, Center for Comprehensive European and International Studies

17 Malaya Ordynka Str., Moscow, 119017 

lsokolshchik@hse.ruГалимуллинЭ. З.GalimullinE. Z.

Эдуард Зульфатович Галимуллин, научный сотрудник Центра комплексных европейских и международных исследований

Москва, ул. Малая Ордынка, 17, Проспект Вернадского, 76, 119017

Eduard Z. Galimullin, Center for Comprehensive European and International Studies

17 Malaya Ordynka Str., Moscow, 119017 

galimullin-eduard@mail.ruБондаренкоА. В.BondarenkoA. V.

Анна Валентиновна Бондаренко, стажер-исследователь Центра комплексных европейских и международных исследований

Москва, ул. Малая Ордынка, 17, Проспект Вернадского, 76, 119017

Anna V. Bondarenko, Research Assistant, Center for Comprehensive European and International Studies

17 Malaya Ordynka Str., Moscow, 119017 

avbondarenko@hse.ruСеменовВ. М.SemenovV. M.

Владислав Максимович Семенов, независимый исследователь

Московская область, г. Химки, ул. Панфилова, 16, 141407

Vladislav M. Semenov, Independent researcher

16 Panfilova Str., Khimki, Moscow Oblast, 141407 

vlad.semenov97@protonmail.comНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation2022300920221334866Copyright © Сокольщик Л.М., Галимуллин Э.З., Бондаренко А.В., Семенов В.М., 20222022Сокольщик Л.М., Галимуллин Э.З., Бондаренко А.В., Семенов В.М.Sokolshchik L.M., Galimullin E.Z., Bondarenko A.V., Semenov V.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/433

Современные политики нередко обращаются к исторической памяти в целях выстраивания и / или корректировки внешнеполитического курса. Все больший научный интерес в рамках исследований международных отношений привлекает анализ исторической памяти как одного из инструментов конструирования внешнеполитических нарративов. В условиях глубокого общественно-политического раскола в США и фрагментации американской идентичности представители демократической администрации активно обращаются к исторической памяти, пытаясь объяснить меняющиеся международные реалии и обосновать осуществляемый внешнеполитический курс. В статье предпринимается попытка выявить ключевые исторические нарративы администрации Дж. Байдена и проанализировать, какое влияние их использование оказывает на внешнеполитический курс США на современном этапе. Для достижения поставленной цели авторами при помощи метода интерпретации нарративов был произведен качественный анализ широкой источниковой базы (выступления, интервью, прессконференции ключевых представителей исполнительной власти США). В результате выявлен ряд внешнеполитических нарративов с наиболее характерными для текущей администрации историческими сюжетами. Установлено, что американские лидеры обращаются к исторической памяти в рамках дискурса о продвижении либеральной демократии в мире; границах «жесткой силы» и борьбе с международным терроризмом; правах и свободах человека; отношениях с Россией; защите либерального мирового порядка. Определено, что исторические нарративы нередко используются США для легитимизации своих односторонних и дискриминационных внешнеполитических действий. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что для действующей администрации конструирование внешнеполитических нарративов через выборочное обращение к сюжетам американской исторической памяти становится одним из ключевых инструментов адаптации к развитию международной многополярности, мобилизации своих ресурсов и консолидации союзников для обороны «свободного мира» от «нелиберальных» оппонентов.

Modern day politicians often refer to historical memory in order to construct and/or adjust foreign policy. The analysis of historical memory as one of the tools for constructing foreign policy narratives is attracting increasing scientific interest in the study of international relations. Under conditions of deep socio-political split in the USA and fragmentation of American identity, representatives of the Democratic administration actively turn to historical memory, trying to explain the changing international realities and justify the implemented foreign policy course. The article attempts to identify the key historical narratives of the Biden Administration and analyze how their use influences the foreign policy of the U.S. at the present stage. To achieve this goal, the authors used the method of narrative interpretation to conduct a qualitative analysis of a broad source base (speeches, interviews, press conferences of key representatives of the U.S. executive branch). As a result, a number of foreign policy narratives with the most characteristic historical subjects for the current administration were identified. It has been established that U.S. leaders address historical memory as part of discourses on the promotion of liberal democracy in the world; the limits of “hard power” and the fight against international terrorism; human rights and freedoms; relations with Russia; and the defense of a liberal world order. It is determined that historical narratives are often used by the United States to legitimize its unilateral and discriminatory foreign policy actions. The authors conclude that for the current administration the construction of foreign policy narratives through selective reference to the subjects of American historical memory becomes one of the key tools of adaptation to the development of international multipolarity, mobilization of its resources and consolidation of allies to defend the “free world” from “illiberal” opponents.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.