imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-3-116-129imi-437Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESИсторическое наследие Португалии как фактор разделения и сплочения обществаThe Historical Heritage оf Portugal as a Factor of Division and Consolidation оf SocietyСигачевМ. И.SigachevM. I.

Максим Игоревич Сигачев, к.полит.н., научный сотрудник 

Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 23. 117997

Maxim I. Sigachev, PhD in Political Science, Research Fellow, Center for International Security

117997, Moscow, ul. Profsoyuznaya, 23 

maxsig@mail.ruАртеевС. П.ArteevS. P.

Сергей Павлович Артеев, к.полит.н., научный сотрудник 

Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 23. 117997

Sergey P. Arteev, PhD in Political Science, Research Fellow, Center for International Security

117997, Moscow, ul. Profsoyuznaya, 23 

artsp7@yandex.ruНациональный исследовательский институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН (ИМЭМО РАН)РоссияPrimakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202230092022133116129Copyright © Сигачев М.И., Артеев С.П., 20222022Сигачев М.И., Артеев С.П.Sigachev M.I., Arteev S.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/437

Проблема разделенных обществ и разделений в обществах приобретает особую значимость на фоне роста социально-политической напряженности во внутри- и внешнеполитическом измерениях по всему миру. Запад перестает быть ареалом преимущественного благополучия. В обществах европейских стран в последние годы также сформировался тренд на усиление разделений. В статье проводится анализ старых и новых социально-политических размежеваний (кливажей) внутри португальского общества. Выбор Португалии в качестве кейса для исследования обусловлен сочетанием сразу нескольких факторов кливажей: память о «революции гвоздик», отношение к европейскому проекту, имперское прошлое, католицизм/секуляризм. Теоретико-методологическая рамка исследования базируется на использовании концепции разделенных обществ и конструктивизма в качестве магистральных эпистемологических инструментов, также применяется страноведческий анализ. Авторы исследования предпринимают попытку не только выявить базовые социокультурные разделения в современном социуме Португалии, но и ответить на вопрос о том, можно ли говорить о разделенном обществе применительно к португальскому кейсу. Делается акцент на особенностях исторического пути Португалии в качестве постимперского государства, чья специфика в значительной степени обусловлена, во-первых, прошлым Португальской морской империи и, во-вторых, наследием «революции гвоздик» 1974 г. В центре анализа ключевые кливажи, сформированные в результате «революции гвоздик», реализации европейского проекта, распада империи, особенностей религиозного уклада Португалии. Заключение содержит вывод о том, что португальское общество сумело избежать наиболее негативного сценария развития ситуации и имеет шансы на консолидацию.

The problem of divided societies and divisions in societies acquires special significance against the background of growing socio-political tensions in the internal and external political dimensions around the world. The West is ceasing to be an area of predominant tranquility and wellbeing. In recent years, in European societies a trend of increasing divisions has also emerged. The article analyzes old and new socio-political divisions (cleavages) within the Portuguese society. The choice of Portugal as a case study is due to the combination of several factors: the memory of the Carnation Revolution, the attitude towards the European project, the imperial past, Catholicism/secularism, and the historical legacy of the Salazar dictatorship. The theoretical and methodological framework of the study is based on the use of the concept of divided societies and constructivism as the main epistemological tools, while the country studies analysis is also applied. The authors attempt not only to identify the basic socio-cultural divisions in the contemporary Portuguese society, but also answer the question of whether it is possible to speak of a divided society in relation to the Portuguese case. The emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of Portugal’s historical path as a post-imperial state whose specificity is largely due, first, to the heritage of the Portuguese maritime empire, and, second, to the legacy of the 1974 Carnation Revolution. The key cleavages that are at the center of the analysis are the legacy of the Carnation Revolution, the European project, the imperial legacy, the religious configuration, and the Salazar heritage. The conclusion is that the Portuguese society has managed to avoid the most negative scenario of the development of the situation and has a chance of consolidation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.