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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">imi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная аналитика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of International Analytics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-8476</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2587-8476-2022-13-4-58-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">imi-452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимодействие без признания?  Западные подходы к де-факто  государствам Евразии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Engaging Without Recognizing?  Western Approaches to the Eurasian De Facto  States</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колсто</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolstø</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пол Колсто, профессор департамента литературы, регионоведения и европейских языков</p><p>Осло, улица Нильса Генрика Абеля, 36, Дом Нильса Трескова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pål Kolstø, Professor at the Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages</p><p>Niels Treschow building, Niels Henrik Abels vei 36, 0371, Oslo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pal.kolsto@ilos.uio.no</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блаккисруд</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blakkisrud</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хельге Блаккисруд, приглашенный преподаватель департамента литературы, регионоведения и европейских языков</p><p>Осло, улица Нильса Генрика Абеля, 36, Дом Нильса Трескова</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Helge Blakkisrud, Associate Professor at the Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages</p><p>Niels Treschow building, Niels Henrik Abels vei 36, 0371, Oslo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">helge.blakkisrud@ilos.uio.no</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Осло<country>Норвегия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Oslо<country>Norway</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Осло<country>Норвегия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Oslo<country>Norway</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колсто П., Блаккисруд Х., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колсто П., Блаккисруд Х.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolstø P., Blakkisrud H.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/452">https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/452</self-uri><abstract><p>Прежде изучению де-факто государств не уделялось должного внимания в академической среде, однако в последние годы наблюдается стремительное развитие данной области знания, значительный вклад в которое внесли исследователи из бывших cоюзных республик.В результате распада СССР возникло семь де-факто государств, из которых четыре существуют и по сей день (Абхазия, Нагорный Карабах, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье), другие же три прекратили свое существование (Чечня, Донецкая Народная Республика и Луганская Народная Республика). Наибольшую активность в изучении де-факто государств проявляют армянские и российские исследователи, поскольку Армения выступает в качестве государства-патрона Нагорного Карабаха, а Россия – остальных трех из ныне существующих образований, реинтегрировав / включив в свой состав три прекратившие существование. Однако и западные ученые внесли значительный вклад в изучение де-факто государств несмотря на относительно низкий уровень взаимодействия с коллегами на постсоветском пространстве. В то время как исследователи, проживающие в изучаемом регионе, обладают глубоким знанием истории и культуры соответствующих территорий, их западные коллеги развивают и обогащают сравнительный и теоретический подходы. В фокусе внимания российских ученых находятся отношения де-факто государств Евразии с государством-патроном Россией, для западных же исследователей наибольший интерес представляет политика государств, в которых они проживают, по отношению к данным образованиям. Таким образом, постепенно сформировались две отдельные школы исследований де-факто государств Евразии: “местная” и “западная”, каждая из которых имеет свои особенности. В данной статье приводятся обзор “западной” литературы, посвященной де-факто государствам и содержащей оценки возможностей взаимодействия США и ЕС с де-факто государствами Евразии. Научная литература, проблематика которой выстраивается на взаимодействии Запада и де-факто государств, носит одновременно аналитический, объяснительный и нормативный характер, то есть в ней содержится описание и объяснение принимаемых и не принимаемыхЗападом шагов, а также практические рекомендации для лиц, принимающих решения, по выстраиванию политики в отношении де-факто государств. Концепция “взаимодействия”, однако, подразумевает, что взаимодействие предпочтительнее политики “игнорирования” или санкционного давления. Согласно этой точке зрения, сотрудничество Запада с властями де-факто государств неизбежно.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>From being a relatively neglected field, the study of de facto states has developed rapidly in recent years. As the break-up of the Soviet Union produced seven de facto states – four that still exist to this day (Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria) and three that are now defunct (Chechnya, the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic) – scholars from this region have contributed greatly to the development of this field. Russian scholars have been particularly active, with Russia serving as the patron state of three of the extant entities (having reintegrated/absorbed the three defunct ones), as well as of the patron of Nagorno-Karabakh, Armenia. But Western scholars have also made a sizeable contribution, although often working in relative isolation from “local” research. Whereas local researchers excel in in-depth knowledge of the history and culture of the region, their Western colleagues add to the comparative and theoretical approaches. And just as Russian researchers naturally focus on the relations of the Eurasian de facto states with their Russian patron, their Western counterparts often analyse the policies of their own countries towards these entities. Thus, we argue, two separate “ecosystems” of research into Eurasian de facto states have gradually developed: a “local” one and a “Western” one, each with its own peculiarities. In this article, we survey the “Western” literature on de facto states, noting the various assessments of the possibilities for US and EU engagement with the Eurasian de facto states. The scholarly literature discussing Western engagement emerges as partly analytical, explaining what Western states are doing and not doing and why, and partly normative, oﬀering policy recommendations on how best to engage. Implicit in the concept of “engagement,” however, is the understanding that engagement is preferable to “ignoring” or “sanctioning.” According to this view, Western cooperation with de facto state authorities is inevitable.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>де-факто государства Евразии</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>признание</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>ЕС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Eurasian de facto states</kwd><kwd>engagement</kwd><kwd>recognition</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>EU</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Research for this article was carried out under the project “Dynamics of De facto State Patron-Client Relations” funded by the Research Council of Norway [project number 301277]</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blakkisrud, Helge, Tamta Gelashvili, Nino Kemoklidze, and Pål Kolstø. “Navigating De facto Statehood: Trade, Trust, and Agency in Abkhazia’s External Economic Relations.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 62, no. 3 (2021): 347–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2020.1861957.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blakkisrud, Helge, Tamta Gelashvili, Nino Kemoklidze, and Pål Kolstø. “Navigating De facto Statehood: Trade, Trust, and Agency in Abkhazia’s External Economic Relations.” Eurasian Geography and Economics 62, no. 3 (2021): 347–371. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2020.1861957.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berg, Eiki, and Martin Mölder. “Who is Entitled to ‘Earn Sovereignty’? 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