imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-3-74-92imi-498Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESПодходы ЕС к управлению миграционными потоками в Сахеле и их последствия для регионаEU Approaches to Managing Migration Flows in the Sahel and Their Implications for the Regionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-5606НаджаровА. М.NadzharovA. M.

Александр Мартиросович Наджаров, аналитик Центра средиземноморских исследований 

119017,  Москва, ул. Малая Ордынка, 17

Alexander M. Nadzharov, Analyst, Mediterranean Studies Centre

17, Malaya Ordynka street, Moscow, 119017

anadzharov@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4198-4870ЭнтинаЕ. Г.EntinaE. G.

Екатерина Геннадьевна Энтина, д.полит.н., профессор Факультета мировой экономики и мировой политикидиректор Центра средиземноморских исследований

119017, Москва, ул. Малая Ордынка, 17.

Ekaterina G. Entina, PhD (Polit. Sci.), Professor, Faculty of World Economy and World Politics; Director, Mediterranean Studies Centre

17, Malaya Ordynka street, Moscow, 119017

e.entina@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияHSE UniversityRussian Federation2023101220231437492Copyright © Наджаров А.М., Энтина Е.Г., 20232023Наджаров А.М., Энтина Е.Г.Nadzharov A.M., Entina E.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/498

С начала прошлого десятилетия Европейский союз активно вовлечен в политические процессы в Сахеле. Регион, в котором расположены беднейшие страны мира, стал приоритетом внешней политики Брюсселя во многом из-за европейского миграционного кризиса (2014–2015). Через дестабилизированный транснациональным терроризмом регион в Европу стремились сотни тысяч человек. В ответ на это ЕС начал выстраивать комплексную систему управления миграционными потоками: были запущены гражданские и военные миссии; создан целевой фонд, финансировавший проекты по управлению границами; созданы и внедрены технические решения для контроля совместно с МОМ и Интерполом. С 2016 г. миграционный поток пошел на спад. Однако политика ЕС привела к целому ряду непредвиденных последствий для региона. Секьюритизация и криминализация миграционных потоков и услуг сахельских «перевозчиков» привела к срастанию этой сферы с транснациональной преступностью и экстремизмом. Внедрение цифровых систем мониторинга миграции ударило по жителям приграничных территорий и локальным силовым факторам, разрушив привычные практики жизнедеятельности. В статье рассматривается влияние подходов ЕС по управлению миграцией на ситуацию в регионе, оценивается их роль в дестабилизации сахельских стран.

Since the start of the previous decade, the European Union has been actively engaged in political aff airs in the Sahel region. This area, which comprises some of the poorest nations globally, has become a top priority for Brussels’s foreign policy, mainly because of the 2014 migration crisis that aff ected Europe. A region destabilized by transnational terrorism saw hundreds of thousands of people fl ocking to Europe. Following this, the EU initiated the development of a comprehensive system to manage migration fl ows. This was achieved via the implementation of civilian and military missions, the creation of a trust fund to fi nance border management projects and the deployment of technical solutions to be jointly managed with the IOM and Interpol. As of 2016, there has been a decline in migration fl ows. Nevertheless, there have been several unintended consequences in the region owing to EU policies. The securitisation and criminalisation of migration fl ows and the services of Sahel «carriers» have resulted in this area merging with transnational crime and extremism. The implementation of digital migration monitoring systems has negatively impacted residents of border regions and local power factors, disrupting customary practices of daily life. This article analyses the impact of EU migration management strategies on the Sahel region and evaluates their contribution to destabilising neighbouring countries.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.