imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2024-15-3-91-107imi-571Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESИсторическая политика в Косово*: память элит и контрпамять жертв в публичных пространствах государства de facto (противоречия коллективной памяти и мемориальной культуры)History Politics in Kosovo: Elites’ Memory and Victims’ Counter-Memory in Public Spaces of the De Facto State (Contradictions of Collective Memory and Memorial Culture)КирчановМ. В.KirchanovM. V.

Максим Валерьевич Кирчанов, д.и.н., доцент Кафедры регионоведения и экономики зарубежных стран 

394068, Воронеж, Московский проспект, 88

Maksim V. Kirchanov, PhD (Hist.), Associate professor, Department of Regional Studies and International Economies

88 Moscovskiy avenue, Voronezh, 394068

maksym_kyrchanoff@hotmail.comВоронежский государственный университетРоссияVoronezh State UniversityRussian Federation20242110202415391107Copyright © Кирчанов М.В., 20242024Кирчанов М.В.Kirchanov M.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/571

В представленной статье автор анализирует особенности и направления развития коллективной исторической памяти в Косово как регионе со спорным международным политическим статусом. Целью исследования является анализ политики памяти, проводимой региональными политическими элитами Косово, которая содействует консолидации политической идентичности региона. Автор анализирует роль и место истории и представлений о прошлом в дискурсе, формируемом элитами современной Приштины. Методологически статья актуализирует достижения междисциплинарной историографии, представленной мемориальным поворотом, и исследований, сфокусированных на анализе национализма как фактора развития и трансформации мемориальных культур. Новизна исследования состоит в изучении актуального этапа в развитии исторической политики в Косово как регионе со спорным политическим статусом, стремящимся к институционализации и признанию как нации-государства. В статье показано, что: 1) политические элиты современного Косово активно используют реальный и символический потенциалы коллективных представлений о прошлом, 2) историческая политика в Косово и формируемая ее участниками мемориальная культура отличаются высокой степенью идеологизации, 3) национализм является важнейшим фактором, определяющим основные векторы и траектории развития исторической политики и мемориальной культуры. Предполагается, что политика памяти, приводимая элитами, в целом отличается тенденцией к сочетанию этнического и гражданского албанского национализма, высоким уровнем политизации и идеологизации истории, ее активным использованием и инструментализацией в публичных и общественных пространствах, что превращает коллективные представления о прошлом в фактор мемориальной конфронтации и войн памяти.

The article examines the development of collective historical memory in Kosovo, a region with contested international political status. The study aims to analyze the memorial policies pursued by Kosovo’s regional political elites, which contribute to the consolidation of the region’s political identity. Additionally, the role and significance of history and perceptions of the past in the discourse shaped by the elites of modern Pristina are explored. Methodologically, the article draws on the interdisciplinary contributions of historiography, particularly the memorial turn, as well as studies that analyze nationalism as a factor in the evolution and transformation of memorial cultures. The novelty of the study lies in its examination of the current stage of historical policy development in Kosovo, a region that is striving for institutionalization and recognition as a nationstate. The article demonstrates that: 1) Kosovo's political elites actively leverage both the real and symbolic potential of collective memory, 2) the region’s historical policy and memorial culture are marked by a high degree of ideologization, and 3) nationalism plays a pivotal role in shaping the main vectors and trajectories of historical policy and memorial culture. The study suggests that the memory policies enacted by the elites tend to blend ethnic and civic Albanian nationalism, characterized by a high level of politicization and ideologization of history. This active use and instrumentalization of historical narratives in public and social spaces transforms collective memory into a tool for memorial confrontation and memory wars.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.