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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">imi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная аналитика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of International Analytics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-8476</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2587-8476-2025-16-1-125-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">imi-609</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Племена и трафик: транссахарские маршруты нелегальной торговли как фактор конфликта в Сахаро-Сахельском регионе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tribes and Trafficking: Trans-Saharan Illegal Trade Routes as a Conflict Factor in the Sahara-Sahel Region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукьянов</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukyanov</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорий Валерьевич Лукьянов, научный сотрудник Центра арабских и исламских исследований,</p><p>119017, Москва, ул. Рождественка, 12.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory V. Lukyanov, Research Fellow, Center for Arab and Islamic Studies,</p><p>12, Rozhdestvenka Street, Moscow, 107031. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glukyanov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наджаров</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nadzharov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Мартиросович Наджаров, аналитик центра средиземноморских исследований,</p><p>119017, Москва, ул. Малая Ордынка, 17.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Nadzharov, Analyst at the Center for Mediterranean Studies, </p><p>17, Malaya Ordynka street, Moscow, 119017.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anadzharov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт Востоковедения РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">HSE University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лукьянов Г.В., Наджаров А.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лукьянов Г.В., Наджаров А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lukyanov G.V., Nadzharov A.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/609">https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/609</self-uri><abstract><p>Конфликт в Сахеле, начавшийся в 2012 г., тесным образом связан с феноменом транссахарских нелегальных потоков, пролегающих через Мали, Нигер и Ливию. Эти потоки представляют собой вид транссахарской торговли, в настоящее время состоящей из набора трафиков: наркотрафика, трафика мигрантов, трафика нелегально добытого золота. В данной статье рассматривается фактор этих потоков в конфликтной политэкономии Сахеля.</p><p>Утверждается, что появление и интенсификация этих потоков усилили межэтнические и внутриэтнические противоречия между основными племенами, задействованными в этой торговле: туарегами, арабами и тубу. Используя теоретико-методологические наработки по политэкономии конфликтов, авторы показывают: эти потоки не только поддерживали деятельность вооруженных этнических группировок, но сами по себе предоставляли возможность традиционно маргинализированным группам пересмотреть свое положение в социально-экономической иерархии. Этот феномен анализируется в статье на примере трех взаимосвязанных регионов: севера Мали (Азавад), севера Нигера (Агадес) и юго-запада Ливии (Феццан). В статье также рассматривается эволюция географических маршрутов нелегальных потоков и стратегий государственных акторов по их кооптации. Авторы приходят к выводу о центральном характере этих потоков не только в рамках политэкономии конфликта в Сахеле, но и в целом для экономики пустынных регионов, что говорит об устойчивости феномена транссахарской нелегальной торговли.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The conflict in the Sahel that began in 2012 is closely linked to the phenomenon of trans-Saharan illicit trade routes through Mali, Niger and Libya. These routes represent a type of trans-Saharan trade currently composed of a set of traffic: drug traffic, migrant traffic, and traffic in illegally mined gold. This article examines the factor of these flows in the conflict political economy of the Sahel. It is argued that the emergence and intensification of these flows have intensified inter- and intra-ethnic tensions between the main tribes involved in this trade: the Tuareg, Arabs, and Toubou. Using theoretical and methodological insights from the political economy of conflict, the authors show that these flows not only supported the activities of armed ethnic groups, but were themselves an opportunity for traditionally marginalized groups to redefine their position in the socio-economic hierarchy. The article analyzes this phenomenon through the case studies of three interconnected regions: northern Mali (Azawad), northern Niger (Agadez), and southwestern Libya (Fessan). The article also examines the evolution of the geographical routes of illegal flows and the strategies of state actors to co-opt them. The authors conclude that these flows are central not only to the political economy of conflict in the Sahel, but also to the economies of desert regions in general, suggesting the sustainability of the phenomenon of trans-Saharan illicit trade.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Мали</kwd><kwd>Нигер</kwd><kwd>Ливия</kwd><kwd>Сахель</kwd><kwd>наркотрафик</kwd><kwd>миграция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Mali</kwd><kwd>Niger</kwd><kwd>Libya</kwd><kwd>Sahel</kwd><kwd>drug trafficking</kwd><kwd>migration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов, В.А. «Потаенные тропы Туниса»: жить и рассказывать революцию. М.: Институт востоковедения РАН, ГАУГН-Пресс, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuznetsov, Vasily A. ‘Tunisia’s Hidden Paths’: Living and Telling the Revolution. 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