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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">imi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная аналитика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of International Analytics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-8476</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2587-8476-2025-16-1-144-161</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">imi-610</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Польша: из транзитной страны в логистический хаб Центральной Европы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Poland: from a Transit Country to a Logistics Hub in Central Europe</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кувалдин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuvaldin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станислав Аркадьевич Кувалдин, к.и.н., научный сотрудник Сектора исследований Европейского союза  Центра европейских исследований,</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, 23.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Kuvaldin, PhD (Hist.), Research Fellow, Section of the EU Studies, Center for European Studies,</p><p>23, Profsoyuznaya street, Moscow, 117997 .</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuvaldin35@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ИМЭМО РАН им. Е.М. Примакова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Primakov Institute of World Economy and International Relations  of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAS)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>144</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кувалдин С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кувалдин С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuvaldin S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/610">https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/610</self-uri><abstract><p>С начала XXI в. политические элиты Польши предпринимали разнообразные усилия по изменению ее положения как транзитной территории между Германией и Россией, а также снижению зависимости от обоих государств. Особую активность на этом направлении проявляла партия «Право и справедливость», традиционно настроенная против развития сотрудничества как с Россией, так и с Германией. В статье анализируются крупные инфраструктурные проекты Польши последних лет, влияющие на ее логистические возможности. В частности, создание новых маршрутов транспортировки углеводородов, появление новых железнодорожных и автомобильных путей, а также развитие портовой инфраструктуры и прокладка новых водных каналов. В результате проведенного анализа делается вывод о том, что большая часть проектов соответствует общим целям ЕС по повышению связности государств-членов. Значительная стоимость многих из этих проектов позволяет предположить, что они были бы практически не осуществимы без финансовой поддержки структурных фондов ЕС. Это, в частности, подтверждается на примере такого важного проекта, как трасса Via Carpatia, задуманная еще в первом десятилетии XXI в., но фактически не строившаяся до появления интереса ЕС к проекту. В этом контексте такие межгосударственные форматы с участием Польши, как Инициатива трех морей, прежде всего инструментом лоббирования внутри ЕС межгосударственных инфраструктурных проектов Центральной и Южной Европы. Одновременно Польша развивает инфраструктуру своих балтийских портов, способных создать конкуренцию контейнерным терминалам Германии в Северном море. При этом запуск некоторых громких инициатив в области развития судоходства скорее продиктован внутриполитическими целями демонстрации заботы о повышении суверенитета Польши и мало обоснован экономически. В целом, усилия Польши направлены на использование преимуществ широкого выхода к Балтийскому морю для создания логистических коридоров в направлении континентальных государств Центральной Европы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Starting from the first decade of the 21st century, the political elites of Poland have made various efforts to change its position as a transit territory between Germany and Russia, as well as to reduce dependence on both countries. The ‘Law and Justice’ party, traditionally opposed to the development of cooperation with both Russia and Germany, was particularly active in this direction. The article analyzes Poland’s major infrastructure projects in recent years that affect its logistics capabilities.</p><p>Specifically, the creation of new routes for transporting hydrocarbons, the emergence of new rail and road networks, the development of port infrastructure, and the construction of new waterways are discussed. The analysis concludes that most of these projects align with the EU’s overall goals of improving connectivity among member states. The significant cost of many of these projects suggests that they would have been practically impossible to implement without financial support from EU structural funds. This is particularly evident in the example of the ‘Via Carpatia’ highway project, which was conceived in the first decade of the 21st century but was not actually developed until the EU showed interest in it. In this context, intergovernmental foreign policy organizations involving Poland, such as the Three Seas Initiative, can be considered primarily as a lobbying tool within the EU for intergovernmental infrastructure projects in Central and Southern Europe.</p><p>At the same time, Poland is developing the infrastructure of its Baltic ports, which have the potential to compete with Germany’s container terminals in the North Sea. The launch of some of Poland’s high-profile initiatives in the field of shipping can be seen as primarily driven by domestic political goals aimed at demonstrating a commitment to increasing Poland’s sovereignty, rather than being economically justified. Overall, Poland’s efforts are focused on leveraging its strategic access to the Baltic Sea to create logistical corridors to continental Central European countries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Польша</kwd><kwd>Инициатива трех морей</kwd><kwd>партия «Право и справедливость»</kwd><kwd>Via Carpatia</kwd><kwd>Rail Baltica</kwd><kwd>Baltic Pipe</kwd><kwd>контейнерные терминалы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Poland</kwd><kwd>Three Seas Initiative</kwd><kwd>Law and Justice Party</kwd><kwd>Via Carpatia</kwd><kwd>Rail Baltica</kwd><kwd>Baltic Pipe</kwd><kwd>Container terminals</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ворожеина, Я.А. Геополитическая картина мира современной Польши // Балтийское измерение. Балтийский регион – регион сотрудничества. Регионы в условиях глобальных изменений. 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