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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">imi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная аналитика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of International Analytics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-8476</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2587-8476-2025-16-4-39-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">imi-671</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Значение института выборов во внутренней и внешней политике Германии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Importance of the Institution of Elections in Germany’s Domestic and Foreign Policy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Павлович Соколов, к.и.н., доцент Кафедры дипломатии, старший научный сотрудник ИМИ</p><p>119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem P. Sokolov, PhD (Hist.), Associate Professor of the Department of Diplomacy, Senior Research Fellow of Institute for International Studies</p><p>76, Vernadsky avenue, Moscow, 119454</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.sokolov@inno.mgimo.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авласенко</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avlasenko</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Михайлович Авласенко, к.и.н., доцент, заведующий Кафедрой международного туризма и гостеприимства, доцент Кафедры международных отношений Факультета международных отношений</p><p>220030, Минск, пр. Независимости, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor M. Avlasenko, PhD (Hist.), Head of the Department of International Tourism and Hospitality, Associate Professor of the Department of International Relations</p><p>4, Nesavisimosty avenue, Minsk, Belarus, 220030</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AvlasenkIM@bsu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">МГИМО МИД России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">MGIMO University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">БГУ<country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Belorussian State University<country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколов А.П., Авласенко И.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколов А.П., Авласенко И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolov A.P., Avlasenko I.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/671">https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/671</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена особенностям трансформации института выборов в Германии на фоне развития концепции «смены эпох» и тенденций к росту значения вопросов безопасности для внешней и внутренней политики государства. Целью исследования является определение особенностей восприятия немецким политическим сообществом института выборов как элемента внутренней и внешней политики Германии. На протяжении долгого времени выборы оставались важной частью государственного устройства Германии, обеспечивавшей соблюдение его демократических принципов. Однако усложнение партийной структуры (западно)германской политики и постепенное размывание позиций «народных» партий ХДС / ХСС и СДПГ вывели на первый план новые политические силы, которые стали рассматриваться как угроза немецкой демократии. Если кооптация восточногерманской ПДС в германскую политику в итоге прошла сравнительно безболезненно для политической системы, то электоральные успехи партии «Альтернатива для Германии» вызвали рост алармистских настроений в Германии и появление феномена брандмауэра – бойкота партии основными политическими силами. Высокий уровень поддержки оппозиционных партий запустил дискуссию о деструктивном внешнем вмешательстве в электоральные процессы Германии. После эскалации украинского кризиса в феврале 2022 г. источником такого вмешательства почти неизменно указывается Российская Федерация. При этом подход германского правительства к выборам в других государствах через призму «ценностной» внешней политики провоцировал появление кризисов в двусторонних отношениях, выходящих в своих последствиях далеко за их рамки. Показательным примером такого подхода стали действия немецкого руководства в отношении выборов президента Республики Беларусь в 2020 году. Критика электоральных процессов в Беларуси не только перечеркнула осторожную нормализацию белорусско-германского взаимодействия второй половины 2010-х гг., но и стала одним из значимых индикаторов нарастания кризисных явлений в европейской системе безопасности в начале 2020-х гг., итогом которых стала эскалация вооруженного конфликта на территории Украины. Отношение истеблишмента ФРГ к выборам в Беларуси, таким образом, является показательным примером специфики и последствий немецкого подхода к электоральным процедурам в других государствах, что делает оправданным обращение именно к этому страновому примеру.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the transformation of the electoral institution in Germany against the backdrop of the development of the concept of a “change of eras” and the tendency towards the growing importance of security issues for Germany’s foreign and domestic policy. The aim of the study is to identify how the German political community perceives elections as an element of Germany’s domestic and foreign policy. For a long time, elections remained an important part of the German state structure, ensuring adherence to its democratic principles. However, the growing complexity of the party structure in (Western) German politics and the gradual erosion of the positions of the “people’s” parties, the CDU / CSU and the SPD, brought to the fore new political forces that came to be seen as a threat to German democracy. While the cooptation of the Eastern German PDS into German politics ultimately proceeded relatively painlessly for the German political system, the electoral successes of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party led to a rise in alarmist sentiments in Germany and the emergence of the “firewall” phenomenon – a boycott of the party by mainstream political forces. The high level of support for opposition parties has sparked a debate about destructive external interference in Germany’s electoral processes. Since the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis in February 2022, the Russian Federation has been almost invariably cited as the source of such interference. At the same time, the German government’s approach to elections in other countries through the prism of a “values-based” foreign policy has provoked crises in bilateral relations, with consequences that extend far beyond those relations. An illustrative example of this approach was the German leadership’s actions regarding the 2020 presidential election in Belarus. Criticism of the electoral processes in Belarus not only undermined the cautious normalization of the bilateral relations in the second half of the 2010s but also became a significant indicator of the escalation of crises in the European security system in the early 2020s, culminating in the escalation of the armed conflict in Ukraine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Германия</kwd><kwd>выборы</kwd><kwd>бундестаг</kwd><kwd>АдГ</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>«смена эпох»</kwd><kwd>брандмауэр</kwd><kwd>секьюритизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Germany</kwd><kwd>elections</kwd><kwd>Bundestag</kwd><kwd>AfD</kwd><kwd>security</kwd><kwd>Zeitenwende</kwd><kwd>Brandmauer</kwd><kwd>securitization</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-48-10015, https://rscf.ru/project/24-48-10015/ и Белорусского республиканского фонда фундаментальных исследований (номер гос. регистрации 20240046 от 12.01.2024) в рамках международного проекта «Трансформация военно-политических, энергетических и социально-гуманитарных аспектов системы европейской безопасности: значение для Союзного государства».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation project № 24-48-10015 (https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-48-10015/) and the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research, state registration number 20240046, 12.012024 within the international project “Transformation of Military-Political, Energy and Social Humanitarian Aspects of the European Security System: Importance for the Union State.”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов, В.Б. 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