imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2025-16-4-158-170imi-678Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ESSAYДискурс о выборах в России 2024 г. в государствах Центральной и Восточной Европы в контексте конструирования национальной идентичностиThe Discourse on the 2024 Russian Elections in Central and Eastern European States in the Context of National Identity ConstructionГацковскаяВ. А.GatskovskayaV. A.

Варвара Александровна Гацковская, стажер-исследователь, Центр комплексных европейских и международных исследований

101000, Россия, Москва, ул. Малая Ордынка, 17

Varvara A. Gatskovskaya, Research Fellow at the Center for International and Regional

17, Malaya Ordynka street, Moscow, 119017

vgatskovskaya@hse.ruКурбатовД. М.KurbatovD. M.

Дмитрий Михайлович Курбатов, аналитик ИМИ

119454, Москва, проспект Вернадского, 76

Dmitry M. Kurbatov, Analyst, Institute for International Studies

76, Vernadsky avenue, Moscow, 119454

d.kurbatov@inno.mgimo.ruНИУ ВШЭРоссияHSE UniversityRussian FederationМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMO UniversityRussian Federation202515032026164158170Copyright © Гацковская В.А., Курбатов Д.М., 20262026Гацковская В.А., Курбатов Д.М.Gatskovskaya V.A., Kurbatov D.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/678

Статья посвящена анализу политического дискурса (включая экспертный и медиадискурс) постсоциалистических республик Центральной и Восточной Европы вокруг выборов президента Российской Федерации в 2024 году. Дискурс об электоральных процессах в России рассматривается авторами как один из инструментов конструирования европейской идентичности на основе разделения «друг – враг». Цель исследования состоит в том, чтобы выявить влияние российских внутриполитических процессов на самоидентификацию государств «новой» Европы в сравнении с Россией как значимым «Другим», по отношению к которому выстраивается их идентичность. Дискурс о выборах в России представляется иллюстрацией такой идентификации, особенно – в отрыве от «социалистического прошлого». Последнее, в свою очередь, связано с отделением себя от России и трансформацией образа «чужого» в образ «врага». По результатам дискурсивного и сравнительного анализа авторы делают вывод: противопоставление «демократизма» Европы и «авторитаризма» России используется государствами Центральной и Восточной Европы не только для конструирования образа противника, но и для утверждения собственной идентичности в качестве европейской. При этом внешнеполитические проблемы не играют определяющей роли, и если они и артикулируются, то отдельно от отношений с государствами Европы или Европейским союзом в целом.

The article analyzes the political discourse (including expert and media discourse) in post-socialist Central and Eastern European countries regarding the 2024 Russian presidential election. The authors consider the discourse on Russian electoral processes as a tool for constructing European identity based on the “friend-foe” divide. The study aims to identify the influence of domestic political processes in Russia on the self-identification of the countries of “new” Europe in comparison with the Russian Federation as a significant “Other,” which Central and Eastern European countries resort to in the course of national identity construction. This process is viewed as a cornerstone for binding the “European” identity of Central and Eastern European countries with their transition from socialist past. The latter, in turn, is associated with a discursive separation from Russia and the transformation of the image of the “foreign” into the image of the “enemy,” both in regard to their history and the current crisis in Russo-Western relations. Upon conducting discourse and comparative analyses, it is concluded that the very contraposition of European “democracy” and Russian “authoritarianism” serves not only to construct enemy images in the Central and Eastern European states, but also to assert their own European identity. Foreign policy issues, however, do not play a defining role, and if they are articulated in discourse, they are related neither to relations with European states nor with the European Union.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.