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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">imi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Международная аналитика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Journal of International Analytics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-8476</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9633</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MGIMO University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46272/2587-8476-2026-17-2-83-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">imi-715</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Насколько политические «политические заключенные» в Грузии? Нарративы против правовых позиций ЕСПЧ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How Political Are “Political Prisoners” in Georgia? Narratives versus Judgements by the European Court of Human Rights</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скворцова</surname><given-names>Н. А</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skvortsov</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нино Автандиловна Скворцова, к.полит.н.</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nino Skvortsova, PhD (Polit. Sci.)</p><p>9, Miklukho-Maklaya street, Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nino.skvortsova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сихарулидзе</surname><given-names>А. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sikharulidze</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арчил Теймуразович Сихарулидзе, исследователь, сооснователь</p><p>P.O. 0194, Тбилиси, ул. Пекини, 21 / 120</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Archil Sikharulidze, Researcher, co-founder</p><p>21 / 120, Pekini street, Tbilisi, Georgia, P.O. 0194</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nino.skvortsova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Фонд SIKHA</institution><country>Грузия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>SIKHA Foundation</institution><country>Georgia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Скворцова Н.А., Сихарулидзе А.Т., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скворцова Н.А., Сихарулидзе А.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Skvortsov N., Sikharulidze A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/715">https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/715</self-uri><abstract><p>Понятие «политический заклченный» является одним из самых спорных в грузинской политике. После смены правительства в 2012 г. оппозиционные партии, лояльные им телеканалы и ряд западных политиков неоднократно характеризовали таких высокопоставленных осужденных, как М. Саакашвили, В. Мерабишвили, Г. Угулава, Н. Мелия и Н. Гварамия, как политических заключенных, призывая к их освобождению. В противовес этому Европейский суд по правам человека (ЕСПЧ) придерживается более строгого подхода, руководствуясь статьями № 5, 6 и 18 Европейской конвенции по правам человека, а не политической лексикой, которую используют внутригосударственные и международные акторы. Опираясь на дискуссии об определении термина «политический заключенный» в международном праве и политологии, авторы статьи ставят следующий вопрос: насколько политически обусловлен этот маркер в Грузии, если рассматривать его сквозь призму решений ЕСПЧ и соответствующих правовых стандартов? Анализ проводится в три этапа. Во-первых, реконструируется концептуальное поле термина «политический заключенный» на основе Резолюции № 1900 Совета Европы, рассмотрения более узкого понятия «узник совести» и недавних попыток закрепить этот термин за жертвами политически ангажированных судебных процессов. Во-вторых, исследуются нарративы, формируемые грузинскими оппозиционными каналами и западными акторами, включая резолюции Европейского парламента, кампании за освобождение М. Саакашвили и американские санкции против грузинских судей. В-третьих, эти нарративы сопоставляются с тем, как ЕСПЧ рассматривал дела пяти указанных выше политиков: в качестве ориентиров используются прецедентное право по статье № 18 и Руководство ЕСПЧ по этой статье. В результате доказано, что дискурс о «политических заключенных» в Грузии шире тех правовых стандартов, которые применяют ЕСПЧ и структуры ООН. Хотя избирательное правосудие и злоупотребление досудебным содержанием под стражей действительно имеют место (заметнее всего – в «деле Мерабишвили»), последующие решения свидетельствуют о высоком пороге доказывания неправомерных мотивов и соблюдении процессуальных норм. Возникающий разрыв между нарративной и правовой оценками свидетельствует не просто о злоупотреблении термином «политический заключенный», а о том, как различные акторы используют конкурирующие нормативные рамки, чтобы оспорить разницу между законной ответственностью и политизированными репрессиями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The label “political prisoner” is one of the most contested signifiers in contemporary Georgian politics. Since the change of government in 2012, opposition parties, loyal TV channels and a range of Western politicians have repeatedly framed high-profile convicts – such as Mikheil Saakashvili, Vano Merabishvili, Gigi Ugulava, Nikanor (Nika) Melia, and Nika Gvaramia – as political prisoners and have called for their release. By contrast, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has adopted a more restrictive approach, using Articles 5, 6, and 18 of the European Convention on Human Rights rather than the political vocabulary used by domestic and international actors. Building on definitional debates around the term “political prisoner” in international law and political science, the article asks: how political are Georgia’s “political prisoners” when assessed through the lens of the Strasbourg jurisprudence and related legal standards? The analysis proceeds in three steps. First, it reconstructs the conceptual field of the term “political prisoner” through Resolution 1900 (2012) of the Council of Europe, the narrower notion of “prisoner of conscience,” and recent attempts to reserve the term for victims of politically biased trials. Second, it examines media and political narratives produced by Georgian opposition channels and Western actors, including European Parliament resolutions, campaigns around Mikheil Saakashvili’s release, and US sanctions against Georgian judges. Third, it juxtaposes these narratives with the ECHR’s handling of five cases (Mikheil Saakashvili, Vano Merabishvili, Gigi Ugulava, Nikanor Melia, and Nika Gvaramia), using Article 18 case-law and the Court’s Guide on Article 18 as benchmarks. The article argues that Georgian “political prisoner” discourse is systematically broader than the legal standards applied by Strasbourg and UN bodies. While some patterns of selective justice and abuse of pre-trial detention are acknowledged (most notably in Merabishvili v. Georgia), subsequent judgments reveal a high evidentiary threshold for improper motives and a strong emphasis on procedural correctness. The resulting gap between narrative and legal assessment does not simply reflect misuse of the term “political prisoner,” it shows how different actors strategically mobilise competing normative frameworks to contest the boundary between legitimate accountability and politicized repression.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Грузия</kwd><kwd>политические заключенные</kwd><kwd>Европейская конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод</kwd><kwd>оппозиционеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Georgia</kwd><kwd>political prisoners</kwd><kwd>ECHR</kwd><kwd>opposition politicians</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berglund, Christofer. “Georgia between Dominant-Power Politics, Feckless Pluralism and Democracy.” Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization 22, no. 3 (2014): 445–470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berglund, Christofer. “Georgia between Dominant-Power Politics, Feckless Pluralism and Democracy.” Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization 22, no. 3 (2014): 445–470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolkvadze, Ketevan. “Cherry Picking EU Conditionality: Selective Compliance in Georgia’s Hybrid Regime.” Europe-Asia Studies 68, no. 3 (2016): 382–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2016.1154138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolkvadze, Ketevan. “Cherry Picking EU Conditionality: Selective Compliance in Georgia’s Hybrid Regime.” Europe-Asia Studies 68, no. 3 (2016): 382–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2016.1154138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Entman, Robert. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43, no. 4 (1993): 51–58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Entman, Robert. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43, no. 4 (1993): 51–58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52, no. 4 (1998): 887–917.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52, no. 4 (1998): 887–917.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finnerty, Joseph. “When Is a State’s ‘Hidden Agenda’ Proven? 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