imiМеждународная аналитикаJournal of International Analytics2587-84762541-9633MGIMO University10.46272/2587-8476-2018-0-1-52-64imi-87Research ArticleИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ СТАТЬИRESEARCH ARTICLESРоль наемников как инструмента политики мировых держав на примере Конголезского кризиса 1960-1967 годовMercenaries as a political Tool of World Powers in the Congo Сrisis of 1960–1967НебольсинаМ. А.NebolsinaM. A.nebolsinama@gmail.comМГИМО МИД РоссииРоссияMGIMORussian Federation201828032018015264Copyright © Небольсина М.А., 20182018Небольсина М.А.Nebolsina M.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.interanalytics.org/jour/article/view/87

В период подъема национально-освободительных движений обо-стрилась борьба мировых держав за право влиять на политику богатых ресурса-ми новых независимых государств. Конголезский кризис стал первым в новейшей истории примером, когда одни государства широко использовали наемников для подавления сепаратизма в мятежных регионах страны, другие - для поддерж-ки этих же регионов в их стремлении отделиться от Конго. Наемников активно привлекали и в целях подавления восстания Симба, для содействия в освобож-дении заложников, для обучения вооруженных сил и т. д. Столь широкое их ис-пользование было выгодно вчерашним метрополиям, так как, формально не при-сутствуя в Конго, они продолжали оказывать влияние на ход событий в стране. Такая практика станет часто используемой составной частью того, что получит название «неоколониализма», а привлечение «солдат удачи» даст старт развитию корпоративного наемничества и будет способствовать росту числа конфликтов, в которых участие сначала наемников, а затем и контрактников станет неотъем-лемой частью военных кампаний.

The period of national liberation movements was marked by a struggle for political influence between world powers in the rich newly independent countries. The Congo crisis was the first to witness such an intense use of mercenaries by world powers in modern history. Policies differed – several western countries hired mercenaries to help suppress secessionist insurgencies, while others used them to support the secession of some regions in the Congo (now – Democratic Republic of Congo). Mercenaries were used to suppress Simba rebellion, to help in release of hostages, as well as in training the Congolese National Army. There was much to gain from the use of mercenary forces by the former colonizing nations. While formally they set the colonies free, informally they continued influencing politics in these countries using clandestine forces – the phenomenon which later becomes known as an essential component of “neocolonialism”. The use of numerous “soldiers of fortune” in the Congo will launch a process of corporate mercenarism, leading to the participation of mercenaries and private military contractors in a higher number of conflicts. In a short period of time contractors will become an integral part of military missions worldwide.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.