India’s Innovative Potential and Prospects for Cooperation with Russia in High-Tech Industries

   The innovative growth model has enabled India to reach the cutting edge of scientific and technological progress. However, the country faces serious challenges in the social sphere, including scientific and technological development (STD). Many studies have been devoted to India’s STD model, but they largely focus on quantitative indicators, while insufficient attention is paid to the problems of international cooperation. The article assesses the potential for innovative development in India and considers Russian-Indian scientific and technological cooperation. To determine the prospects for such cooperation, in addition to assessing India’s innovative potential, it analyzes international ratings and identifies factors stimulating innovation development: government support; public-private partnership, tax incentives, simplification of administrative procedures for foreign investors; support for high-tech start-ups. The significant contribution of government programs, as well as the leading role of biotechnology and the development of space technologies, are noted. The following problems in R&D are described: a relatively small contribution of private sector companies to total funding; low level of university participation; insufficient development of professional training for the development and implementation of innovations; limited communication between industry and academia; human capital flight; uneven R&D funding across states. The article also describes the legal framework for bilateral cooperation between India and Russia, as well as multilateral cooperation within BRICS. It notes that over more than fifty years of collaboration, India and Russia have successfully implemented numerous joint scientific and technological projects, but the potential for bilateral cooperation is still far from exhausted.

1. Gokhberg, Leonid М., Kirill A. Ditkovskiy, Maxim N. Kotsemir, Irina A. Kuznetsova, Svetlana V. Martynova, Anastasiya V. Nesterenko, Sergey I. Pakhomov, Valentina V. Polyakova, Tatyana V. Ratay, Alevtina A. Repina, Larisa A. Rosovetskaya, Galina S. Sagieva, Ekaterina A. Streltsova, Irina I. Tarasenko, Maxim M. Filatov, Svetlana Yu. Fridlyanova, and Ivan B. Iudin. Science and Technology Indicators in the Russian Federation: 2024: Data Book. Moscow: ISSEK HSE, 2024 [In Russian].

2. Dezhina, Irina G., Arutyun A. Arutyunian, Timur R. Gareev, and Sanda Zh. Radnabazarova. New Countries in Science-Technology Agenda of Russia. Analytical Report. Moscow: Pero, 2023 [In Russian].

3. Deryugina, Irina V., and Elizaveta V. Rastyannikova. “The World Market of Food and Raw Materials: Russia versus India.” Economics and Entrepreneurship, no. 7 (2022): 111–119 [In Russian]. doi: 10.34925/EIP.2022.144.7.017.

4. Deryugina, Irina V. “75 Years of India’s Development in the Mirror of Macroeconomic Statistics (1947–2022).” Vestnik Instituta Vostokovedenija RAN, no. 2 (2022): 67–79 [In Russian]. doi: 10.31696/2618-7302-2022-2-67-79.

5. Kortunov, Andrey V., Tobby Simon, Pankaj Saran, Lydia V. Kulik, Venkatesh Varma, Paul Naidu, Vladimir L. Likhachev, Ranjan Mathai, Kapil Mohan, Ivan V. Danilin, Kiran Kumar, and G.A.V. Reddy. Russia – India Relations in Broader Geopolitical Context: Report No. 92/2024. Moscow: NP RIAC, 2024 [In Russian].

6. Tsvetkov, Vladimir V. “Strategiya Indii v oblasti vnedreniya iskusstvennogo intellekta i tsifrovye servisy.” In Afro-aziatskie strany i novye tekhnologii – 2024 : kollektivnaya monografiya, edited by Nina N. Tsvetkova, 249–270. Moscow: IOS RAS, 2024 [In Russian].

7. Tsvetkova, Nina N. The Development of the Digital Economy: Asian and African Countries : in 2 Books. Book 1: The Development of the Digital Economy, edited by Alexander V. Akimov. Moscow: IOS RAS, 2021 [In Russian].

8. Shchedrov, Ivan Yu. Tekhnologicheskaya politika Indii : rabochaya tetrad’ № 82/2023. Moscow: NP RIAC, 2023 [In Russian].

9. George, Shaji A., and T. Baskar. “Brain Drain in India: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Solutions.” Partners Universal Multidisciplinary Research Journal 2, no. 4 (2024): 17–36. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14171090.

10. Dutta, Soumitra, Bruno Lanvin, and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent. Global Innovation Index 2020. Who Will Finance Innovation? Geneva: WIPO, 2020.

11. Dutta, Soumitra, Bruno Lanvin, Lorena Rivera León, and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent. Global Innovation Index 2023. Innovation in the Face of Uncertainty. Geneva: WIPO, 2023.

12. Dutta, Soumitra, Bruno Lanvin, Lorena Rivera León, and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent. Global Innovation Index 2024.

13. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship. Geneva: WIPO, 2024.

14. MacLeod, Roy, and Deepak Kumar. Technology and the Raj: Western Technology and Technical Transfers to India 1700–1947. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1995.

15. Raina, Dhruv. Images and Contexts: The Historiography of Science and Modernity in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003.

16. Velmurugan, Chandran, and Natarajan Radhakrishnan. “Webology Journal: A Scientometric Profile.” International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology 5, no. 2 (2015): 137–142.