The Science, Technology, and Innovation Ecosystem of Iran Under Sanctions: Development Features, Challenges, and Strategies

   This article is devoted to the characteristics of the development of Iran’s science, technology, and innovation ecosystem. In the context of global technological competition and the emergence of a new technological paradigm, studying the development strategies of countries striving for scientific and technological sovereignty has become particularly important. Iran is one of the most illustrative examples of such a strategy: for over four decades, the country has been building its own science and technology ecosystem amid international isolation. Examining Iran’s experience provides insight into the mechanisms by which its ecosystem has adapted to external constraints. The article is divided into three sections. The first part examines legal and strategic documents to determine priorities in the development of science, technology and innovation ecosystem. The second part analyzes its system of management. The third part examines the characteristics of Iran’s science and technology ecosystem. Based on data from the Scopus database, the publication priorities of Iranian researchers are identified, and an attempt is made to assess the extent to which national science and technology development programs reflect the actual state of affairs.

   The article concludes that, despite significant external constraints, Iran has achieved notable progress in the field of science and technology.

   The outcomes of this progress, as reflected in scientific publications, largely align with the priorities outlined in the country’s strategic policy documents.

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